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升级Python以后，yum无法使用，提示ModuleNotFoundError: No module named ‘dnf’

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编译安装升级Python

yum -y install libffi-devel tk-devel sqlite-devel
wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.9.19/Python-3.9.19.tar.xz
tar -Jxvf Python-3.9.19.tar.xz
cd Python-3.9.19
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3 --with-openssl=/usr/local/openssl --enable-shared
make && make install
cp /usr/local/python3/lib/libpython3.9.so.1.0 /usr/lib64/
echo "/usr/local/python3/lib" >/etc/ld.so.conf.d/python3.conf
ldconfig
ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/python3.9 /usr/bin/python3
ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3 /usr/bin/pip3
pip3 install --upgrade pip

CentOS系统升级Python 3.9，编译安装完成后，yum、dnf命令无法使用，执行均报错，提示：

Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/bin/yum", line 57, in
from dnf.cli import main
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'dnf'

猜测原因是，新安装的Python环境中没有依赖包。

尝试stackoverflow的解决方法：

rpm -qa python3 #查看python3 rpm package

返回：python3-3.9.18-1.el9_3.1.x86_64

下载：python3-3.9.18-1.el9_3.1.x86_64.rpm（https://oraclelinux.pkgs.org/9/ol9-baseos-latest-x86_64/python3-3.9.18-1.el9_3.1.x86_64.rpm.html）

在下载目录执行：

rpm -e --nodeps python3-3.9.18-1.el9_3.1.x86_64
rpm -i python3-3.9.18-1.el9_3.1.x86_64.rpm

没有作用，报错依旧。实在不行，检查当前Python环境中的依赖包目录有没有dnf，执行：

cd /usr/local/python3/lib/python3.9/site-packages/
ll dnf*

发现确实没有，在/usr目录查找dnf：

find /usr -name dnf

在这个目录：/usr/lib/python3.9/site-packages/dnf，复制到环境目录：

cp -r /usr/lib/python3.9/site-packages/dnf /usr/local/python3/lib/python3.9/site-packages/

果然解决，但提示缺别的依赖，相同的办法，比如libdnf：

cp -r /usr/lib64/python3.9/site-packages/libdnf /usr/local/python3/lib/python3.9/site-packages/

还缺好多依赖，比如gpg（提示ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'gpgme'），把依赖补齐，下面是全部的依赖：

cp -r /usr/lib/python3.9/site-packages/dnf /usr/local/python3/lib/python3.9/site-packages/
cp -r /usr/lib64/python3.9/site-packages/libdnf /usr/local/python3/lib/python3.9/site-packages/
cp -r /usr/lib64/python3.9/site-packages/rpm /usr/local/python3/lib/python3.9/site-packages/
cp -r /usr/lib64/python3.9/site-packages/hawkey /usr/local/python3/lib/python3.9/site-packages/
cp -r /usr/lib64/python3.9/site-packages/libcomps /usr/local/python3/lib/python3.9/site-packages/
cp -r /usr/lib64/python3.9/site-packages/gpg /usr/local/python3/lib/python3.9/site-packages/
cp -r /usr/lib/python3.9/site-packages/dnfpluginscore /usr/local/python3/lib/python3.9/site-packages/
cp -r /usr/lib/python3.9/site-packages/dateutil /usr/local/python3/lib/python3.9/site-packages/
cp -r /usr/lib64/python3.9/site-packages/systemd /usr/local/python3/lib/python3.9/site-packages/
cp -r /usr/lib/python3.9/site-packages/dnf-plugins /usr/local/python3/lib/python3.9/site-packages/

至此，yum、dnf命令均恢复正常，也可以将两个目录都复制过去：

\cp -r /usr/lib/python3.9/site-packages/* /usr/local/python3/lib/python3.9/site-packages/
\cp -r /usr/lib64/python3.9/site-packages/* /usr/local/python3/lib/python3.9/site-packages/

不过提示：

Failed loading plugin "generate_completion_cache": No module named '_sqlite3'

执行：

yum -y install sqlite-devel

重新编译python，问题全部解决，成功恢复yum。

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